United Nations Convention[1]Against Illicit[2]Traffic[3] in Narcotic Drugs[4]and Psychotropic Substances[5] (1988)

 

背景：本公約于1988年12月19日在奧地利維也納聯合國通過《禁止非法販運麻醉藥品和精神藥物公約》會議的第六次全會上通過，1990年11月1日生效，也稱《維也納公約》。中國于1988年12月20日簽署。中國全國人大常委會于1989年9月4日批準了該公約。該公約不僅是國際社會也是聯合國制定的第一個懲治跨國洗錢犯罪的國際性法律規范文件，其主要內容有：明確規定毒品洗錢犯罪的概念；明確規定了打擊毒品洗錢犯罪的刑法手段和締約國承擔的強制性義務；初步規范了偵查、識別毒品洗錢犯罪案件的國際合作機制等。本公約共三十四條，其中第三條（1）款（b）項對毒品洗錢犯罪性質及其犯罪行為的規范，具有重要的立法創新意義?，F節選第三條《犯罪和制裁》的（1）款（a）和(b)項。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Article 3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

OFFENCES[6] AND SANCTIONS[7]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Each Party shall adopt such measures as may be necessary to establish as criminal offences under its domestic law, when committed intentionally[8]:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     a)  i) The production, manufacture, extraction; preparation, offering, offering for sale, distribution, sale, delivery on any terms whatsoever, brokerage, dispatch, dispatch in transit, transport, importation or exportation of any narcotic drug or any psychotropic substance contrary to the provisions of the 1961 Convention, the 1961 Convention as amended or the 1971 Convention[9];

 

 

 

        ii) The cultivation of opium poppy[10], coca[11] bush or cannabis[12] plant for the purpose of the production of narcotic drugs contrary to the provisions of the 1961 Convention and the 1961 Convention as amended[13];

 

 

 

        iii) The possession or purchase of any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance for the purpose of any of the activities enumerated[14] in i) above;

 

 

 

        iv) The manufacture, transport or distribution of equipment, materials or of substances listed in Table I and Table II, knowing that they are to be used in or for the illicit cultivation, production or manufacture of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances;

 

 

 

        v) The organization, management or financing of any of the offences enumerated in i), ii), iii) or iv) above;

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    b)  i) The conversion or transfer[15] of property, knowing that such property is derived from any offence or offences established in accordance with subparagraph a) of this paragraph, or from an act of participation in such offence or offences, for the purpose of concealing[16] or disguising[17] the illicit origin of the property or of assisting any person who is involved in the commission of such an offence or offences to evade[18] the legal consequences of his actions;

 

 

 

        ii) The concealment or disguise of the true nature, source, location, disposition, movement, rights with respect to, or ownership of property, knowing that such property is derived from an offence or offences established in accordance with subparagraph a) of this paragraph or from an act of participation in such an offence or offences.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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[1] Convention [kEn5venFEn] 公約

 

 

 

[2] illicit  [i5lisit] 非法的

 

 

 

[3] traffic  [5trAfik] 交易

 

 

 

[4] narcotic drug: 麻醉藥品。這里的麻醉藥品系指《1961年麻醉品單一公約》及經《修正1961年麻醉品單一公約的1972年議定書》修正的該公約附表一或附表二所列的任何天然或合成物質。

 

 

 

[5] psychotropic substances：精神藥物。 這里的精神藥物系指《1971年精神藥物公約》附表一、二、三或四所列的任何天然或合成物資或任何天然材料。

 

 

 

[6] Offence [E5fens] 犯罪

 

 

 

[7] sanction [5sANkFEn ] 懲處

 

 

 

8 Each Party shall adopt …… when committed intentionally. 各締約國應采取可能必要的措施將下列故意行為確定為其國內法中的刑事犯罪

 

 

 

9 The production, manufacture ……or the 1971 Convention: 違反《1961年公約》、經修正的《1961年公約》或《1971年公約》各項規定，生產、制造、提煉、配制、提供、兜售、分銷、出售、以任何條件交付、代理、發送、發送途中、運輸、進口或出口任何麻醉藥品或精神藥物。

 

 

 

[10] poppy  [5pCpi] 罌粟

 

 

 

[11] coca  [5kEukE] 古柯

 

 

 

[12] cannabis  [5kAnEbis] 大麻

 

 

 

[13] amend  [E5mend] 修正

 

 

 

[14] enumerate  [i5nju:mEreit] 列舉

 

 

 

[15] conversion or transfer of property: 轉換或轉移財產。洗錢過程中，轉換或轉移非法財產手段有多種，如通過現金走私、將大額現金分散存入銀行、向現金流量高的行業（如娛樂場所、餐飲業、小型超市等）投資、購置流動性較強的古玩、貴金屬等商品、注冊空殼公司、利用“地下錢莊”和民間借貸等，以達到隱匿或掩飾非法所得的目的。

 

 

 

[16] conceal  [kEn5si:l] 隱瞞

 

 

 

[17] disguise  [dis5^aiz] 偽裝, 掩飾

 

 

 

[18] evade  [i5veid] 避免